Week 2 - Data Collection and Sampling Methods

Data Collection and Sampling Methods

Surveys are a primary method of data collection in research. They involve questioning a selected group of individuals to gain information and insights. Surveys can be conducted via various modes like online questionnaires, telephone interviews, or face-to-face interactions.

Experiments are a more controlled method of data collection. They involve manipulating one variable to determine if changes in one variable cause changes in another variable. This method is widely used in scientific and psychological studies.

Observations involve collecting data by watching subjects in their natural environment without interfering. This method is often used in social sciences, anthropology, and ethnography.

Sampling Methods

Simple Random Sampling is a basic sampling method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. This method is used when the researcher wants a truly representative sample of the entire population.

Stratified Sampling involves dividing the population into smaller groups, or strata, that share a similar characteristic. Then, a random sample is taken from each stratum. This method ensures that each subgroup is adequately represented in the sample.

Cluster Sampling is used when the population is divided into clusters, but instead of sampling from each cluster, a sample of clusters is selected. Then, all individuals within these selected clusters are sampled. This method is efficient for large populations spread over a wide area.

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Anketler, araştırmalarda veri toplamanın birincil yöntemidir. Belirli bir grup bireye sorular sorarak bilgi ve anlayış kazanmayı içerir. Anketler, çevrimiçi anketler, telefon görüşmeleri veya yüz yüze etkileşimler gibi çeşitli yollarla gerçekleştirilebilir.

Deneyler, daha kontrollü bir veri toplama yöntemidir. Bir değişkenin manipüle edilmesi ve bir değişkendeki değişikliklerin başka bir değişkende değişikliklere neden olup olmadığının belirlenmesini içerir. Bu yöntem, bilimsel ve psikolojik çalışmalarda yaygın olarak kullanılır.

Gözlemler, konuları doğal ortamlarında izleyerek ve müdahale etmeden veri toplama işlemidir. Bu yöntem, sosyal bilimlerde, antropolojide ve etnografide sıklıkla kullanılır.

Örnekleme Yöntemleri

Basit Rastgele Örnekleme, her popülasyon üyesinin seçilme şansının eşit olduğu temel bir örnekleme yöntemidir. Araştırmacı, tüm popülasyonu gerçekten temsil eden bir örneklem istediğinde bu yöntem kullanılır.

Katmanlı Örnekleme, popülasyonun benzer bir özelliği paylaşan küçük gruplara veya katmanlara ayrılmasını içerir. Daha sonra, her katmandan rastgele bir örnek alınır. Bu yöntem, her alt grubun örneklemede yeterince temsil edilmesini sağlar.

Küme Örnekleme, popülasyonun kümelere ayrıldığı ancak her kümeye örneklem yapılması yerine, küme örneklerinin seçildiği bir yöntemdir.


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